HISTORY Part I: Historical Lessons we can learn from past events, lives of people, cultures, economies, governments, and nations in 1933
AGN Life: Part I
November 29, 2022
WASHINGTON (AGN.News) – This is Part I of our Historic Lessons series. History can be defined as the study and documentation of the past. History is a record of past events in 1933.
History is a record of inventions. History is a record of people and their accomplishments, of governments and their successes and failures. History offers us a window into the future.
“History” is an umbrella term comprising facts of past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of past events
1933 Historical events and people
On January 3, 1933, Minnie D. Craig became the first female elected as Speaker of the North Dakota House of Representatives. In fact, she was the first female to hold a Speaker position anywhere in the United States.
On January 12, The United States recognizes the Philippines’ independence. After this event, the U.S. would have a long, special relationship with the people of the Philippines.
Historical places, laws, and media
On January 18, 1933, beautiful White Sands National Monument in New Mexico was established. It was redesignated as a national park by Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 20, 2019. White Sands National Park is what it’s called. Today, over 600,000 people visits White Sands every year.
On January 23, 1933, the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which changed the date of U.S. presidential inaugurations from March 4 to January 20, and of members of Congress from March 4 to January 3rd.
On January 30, 1933, the “Lone Ranger” begins a 21-year run on WXYZ Detroit (ABC) radio. The Lone Ranger is a fictional masked former Texas Ranger who fought outlaws in the American Old West with his Native American friend Tonto.
Historical events in 1933 Germany
On January 30, 1933, After former General and President Paul von Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany, his former WWI colleague General Erich Ludendorff sends a letter to him stating “this accursed man will cast our Reich (country) into the abyss and bring our nation inconceivable misery.” History proves Ludendorff was right.
On February 1, 1933, the German Reichstag (Parliament) was dissolved by President Paul von Hindenburg at the request of the new Chancellor Adolf Hitler. By February 2nd it was complete.
Nazis come to power in Germany
On February 2, 1933, German Minister Hermann Wilhelm Göring bans Communist meeting and demonstrations in Germany, restricting all activities of members of Communist party members.
On February 2, 1933, German Minister Hermann Wilhelm Göring bans the once popular social-demoncratic newspaper Vorwärts.
On February 4, 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg limits freedom of the press.
On February 6, 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg and Franz von Papen end the Prussian parliament.
U.S. President-elect targeted
On February 15, 1933, President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt, escaped an assassination attempt by Giuseppe Zangara, who expressed a “hate for all rulers.”
As he was attempting to shoot Roosevelt, 17 days before Roosevelt’s inauguration, Zangara was struck by a woman with her purse.
He fired his gun and missed his target and instead injured five bystanders instead and mortally wounded Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak, who was sitting alongside Roosevelt.
The 1933 rise of the Nazis
That same day, on February 15, 1933, social-demoncratic newspaper Vorwärts was banned again in Berlin. Vorwärts, meaning “forward” in German, is a newspaper published by the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).
Vorwärts was founded in 1876 and it was the central organ of the SPD for many decades. Today it is published every two months, mailed to all Social Democratic Party (SPD) members.
On February 17, 1933, as the Nazis were banning print media, the first issue of “Newsweek” magazine was published. Today, you can find “Newsweek”, the American weekly online news magazine and digital news platform at www.newsweek.com.
The Nazi war against Germans
On February 19, 1933, Prussian Minister Hermann Wilhelm Göring bans all Catholic magazines in Germany.
On the night of February 27, 1933, The German Reichstag (Parliament) building in Berlin was destroyed by fire; possibly set by Nazis, who later blamed and executed Martin von der Lubbe, a dutch Communist.
On February 28, 1933, after the Reichstag fire, on the advice of Adolf Hitler, German President Paul von Hindenburg signs the Reichstag Fire Decree which eliminates many freedoms and civil liberties in Germany.
On March 3, 1933, German presidential candidate Ernst Johannes Fritz Thälmann (1886–1944), the leader of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) from 1925 to 1933, was arrested.
New U.S. President Roosevelt
On March 4, 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States. He pledged to pull the country out of the Great Depression. He said, “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.”
Nazis’ elected to power in Germany
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism.
On March 4, 1933, Germany’s Nazi Party wins the majority of seats in Parliament with 49% of the vote with 17.2 million votes.
On March 13, 1933, in Germany, Joseph Goebbels became the Nazi Minister of Information and Propaganda.
On March 15, 1933, while the Nazis were taking away the rights of the German people, in the United States, the NAACP begins a coordinated attack on segregation and discrimination against people of color.
On March 16, 1933, Adolf Hitler names Hjalmar Schacht President of the Bank of Germany.
Nazi German concentration camps
On March 20, 1933, Dachau, the first Nazi concentration camp was completed. Dachau was the first concentration camp built by Nazi Germany, opening on 22 March 1933 and ending in 1945.
The camp was initially intended to intern Hitler’s political opponents which consisted of: communists, social democrats, and other dissidents. Later Dachau became a ‘murder machine’ targeting Jews and other deemed unfit to be part of German society.
Hitler becomes dictator of Germany
On March 21, 1933, Day of Potsdam in Nazi Germany, a ceremony to open the new Reichstag after the February fire; Adolf Hitler and President Paul von Hindenburg shake hands in public.
On March 23, 1933, the Enabling Act of 1933 was hastily passed by the Reichstag and Reichsrat. The Act grants Adolf Hitler dictatorial powers. This law gave the German Cabinet – most importantly, the Chancellor (Hitler) – the powers to make and enforce laws.
The Enabling Act gave Hitler the power to act without the involvement of the Reichstag or President Paul von Hindenburg (from the city of Weimar), leading to the rise of the Nazis in Germany.
The Reichstag from 1933 onward effectively became the rubber stamp parliament that Hitler always wanted. Critically, the Enabling Act allowed Hitler, the Chancellor, to bypass the system of checks and balances in the government.
The decree abolished most civil liberties, including the right to speak, assemble, protest, and due process. Using the decree, the Nazis declared a state of emergency and began a violent crackdown against their political enemies.
Within three months of the passage of the Enabling Act, all parties except the Nazi Party were banned or pressured into dissolving themselves, followed on 14 July by a law that made the Nazi Party the only legally permitted party in Germany.
Adolf Hitler was now a dictator with supreme power. With the Nazi Party in control, Hitler had fulfilled what he had promised in earlier campaign speeches: “I set for myself one aim … to sweep these thirty parties out of Germany!”
Nazis persecutes Jews in Germany
On April 1, 1933, Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (died on 23 May 1945 at the age of 44) was Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squadron; head of the SS), and a leading member of the Nazi Party of Germany.
Heinrich Himmler was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and a main architect of the Holocaust: the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims.
On April 1, 1933, Nazi Germany begins its persecution of Jews and boycotting Jewish businesses. In Berlin alone, there were 50,000 Jewish-owned businesses. Nazis would stand outside of Jewish businesses with signs that read: “Germans! Defend yourselves! Don’t buy from Jews.”
The Nazis launched a state-managed campaign of ever-increasing harassment, arrests, systematic pillaging, forced transfer of ownership to Nazi Party activists (managed by the Chamber of Commerce), and ultimately murder of Jewish business owners.
Antisemitism rises in Germany
On April 7, 1933, the first Nazi anti-Jewish laws bars Jews from legal and public life. Attacking Jewish students in schools was part of the planned coming extermination of the Jews, the Holocaust.
On April 26, 1933, all Jewish students are barred from schools in Germany.
On April 27, 1933, Adolf Hitler authorizes creation of the Ministry of Aviation. This reportedly was to revive the German Luftwaffe, the aerial-warfare branch of the German Wehrmacht, the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe (air force), before and during World War II, under Reichsmarschall Hermann Wilhelm Göring.
On May 2, 1933, Adolf Hitler bans trade unions in Germany.
On May 10, 1933, The Nazi Party staged a public book burning.
Nazis consolidates power in Germany
On June 13, 1933, German Minister Hermann Wilhelm Göring established the German Secret State Police also known as the Geheime Staatspolizei, abbreviated Gestapo. It was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.
On June 22, 1933, the German social-democratic party (SPD) was banned or forbidden by the Nazi Party run government.
On June 30, 1933 to July 2 1934, the Night of the Long Knives occurred. It was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany. Chancellor Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of political extrajudicial executions intended to consolidate his power.
The “purge” also called the “Röhm Purge”, also alleviated the concerns of the German military about the role of the very popular Ernst Röhm, leader of the Sturmabteilung (SA), the powerful Nazis’ paramilitary organization, known colloquially as “Brownshirts”.
On July 1, 1933, the German Nazi government declares that married women should not work.
On July 5, 1933, the German party disbands the Catholic Center.
On July 5, 1933, the German party disbands the Catholic Center.
Nazis take control in Germany
On July 14, 1933, All non-Nazi parties in Germany are banned.
On July 14, 1933, Germany begins mandatory sterilization of people with hereditary illnesses.
On July 20, 1933, Germany arrests 200 Jewish merchants in Nuremberg and paraded through the streets. As antisemitism spreads, protests against it spreads. On this same day, July 20, 1933, 500,000 people march through London to protest against anti-Semitism.
On July 20, 1933, Vatican state secretary Pacelli, who became Pope Pius XIII, signs an accord with Adolf Hitler, the Dictator of Nazi Germany.
On October 17, 1933, Albert Einstein arrives in the U.S. as a refugee from Nazi Germany.
On November 12, 1933, the Nazis receives 92% of the vote in German parliamentary elections.
Antisemites join Germany leaderships
On December 1, 1933 the antisemite Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987) was a German politician and a leading member of the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany.
Hess was appointed Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler on December 1, 1933. Hess held that position until 1941, when he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate the United Kingdom’s exit from the Second World War.
Antisemite Hess was taken prisoner and eventually convicted of crimes against peace. He was still serving his life sentence 46 years later, at the time of his suicide in 1987.
On December 1, 1933, the antisemite Ernst Julius Günther Röhm (28 November 1887 – 1 July 1934). a German military officer was brought into the Nazi government.
Ernst Röhm was a close friend and early ally of Adolf Hitler and a co-founder of the Sturmabteilung (SA, “Storm Units”), the Nazi Party’s militia, and later was its commander.
By 1934, the German Army feared the SA’s influence and Hitler had come to see Röhm as a potential rival, so he was executed during the Night of the Long Knives, also called the the “Röhm Purge”.
With loyal antisemites in control of Germany’s powerful elites, Hitler was now positioned to execute is worldview.
His reign of terror was just getting started in late 1933 going into 1934. Many shocking events of death and destruction were going to leave Germany and other nations in total disbelief at the scope of coming atrocities.
The letter General Erich Ludendorff sent to former General and President Paul von Hindenburg when he appointed Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933 was very prophetic.
The letter stated “this accursed man will cast our Reich (country) into the abyss and bring our nation inconceivable misery.” History proves General Erich Ludendorff was right… President Paul von Hindenburg should have followed his professional advise.
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